Facts, Fiction and What Is Billiards > 자유게시판

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Nitrocellulose was used as the first flexible film base, beginning with Eastman Kodak products in August 1889. Camphor is used as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose film, often called nitrate film. In 1868, American inventor John Wesley Hyatt developed a plastic material he named Celluloid, improving on Parkes' invention by plasticizing the nitrocellulose with camphor so that it could be processed into a photographic film. The invention enjoyed a brief popularity, but the Hyatt balls were extremely flammable, and sometimes portions of the outer shell would explode upon impact. An owner of a billiard saloon in Colorado wrote to Hyatt about the explosive tendencies, saying that he did not mind very much personally but for the fact that every man in his saloon immediately pulled a gun at the sound. Polyester is much more resistant to polymer degradation than either nitrate or triacetate. In practice, though, this has not proved to be as much of a problem as was feared. Salvaging old films is a major problem for film archivists (see film preservation). Cellulose triacetate superseded nitrate as the film industry's mainstay base very quickly.

8, 9.5, and 16 mm film stocks, intended for amateur and other nontheatrical use, were never manufactured with a nitrate base in the west, but rumors exist of 16 mm nitrate film having been produced in the former Soviet Union and China. In 1869, with elephants having been poached to near extinction, the billiards industry offered a US$10,000 prize to whoever came up with the best replacement for ivory billiard balls. During play, when a player cannot hit the ball that the rules require him to hit (because of obstruction by another ball or balls), he is said to be snookered and loses his turn; this situation gives the game its name. The rules of blackball differ from standard eight-ball in numerous ways, including the handling of fouls, which may give the opponent two shots, racking (the 8 ball, not the apex ball, goes on the spot), selection of which group of balls will be shot by which player, handling of frozen balls and snookers, and many other details. Some rules dictate that a scratch on an8 ball shotis an automatic forfeit, no matter whether the 8 ball is still in play or not.

Also, if the cue ball comes into contact with an object ball in a full pocket, it is also considered a scratch. If the shooter doesn’t have any object balls on the opposite side of the head string, he or she must bounce the cue ball off of one or more cushions at the opposite end of the table before it’s able to legally contact an object ball in the kitchen. If you have understood this diamond system, you can use these diamonds to choose the right angle for kick shots and banks, ultimately leveraging your game by learning these markings. Acetate film manufactured during the era when nitrate films were still in use was marked "Safety" or "Safety Film" along one edge in dark letters. Owing to public safety precautions, London Underground forbade transport of movies on its system until well past the introduction of safety film. So if you use this diamond system or white dots on the Pool table in your favor, you can calculate and visualize the precise impact point to send the cue ball. Guitars made by smaller shops (luthiers) also often use "nitro" as it has an almost mythical status among guitarists. Guitars sometimes shared color codes with current automobiles.

Nitrocellulose lacquer manufactured by (among others) DuPont, was the primary material for painting automobiles for many years. This allowed rayon to become a popular raw material in textiles. Commercial production started in 1891, but the result was flammable and more expensive than cellulose acetate or cuprammonium rayon. That fire, a catastrophic one, started inside a film-inspection building and caused over $7,000,000 in property damages ($213,000,000 today). In the meantime, George Eastman had already started production of roll-film using his own process. Goodwin's patent was sold to Ansco, what is billiards which successfully sued Eastman Kodak for infringement of the patent and was awarded $5,000,000 in 1914 to Goodwin Film. Later that same month, many more reels and film cans of negatives and prints also burned at Edison Studios in New York City, in the Bronx; then again, on May 13, a fire at Universal Pictures' Colonial Hall "film factory" in Manhattan consumed another extensive collection.